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                <text>Two semicircular gray granite walls, inlaid with twelve bronze panels illustrating 300 years of African American history, frame an obelisk and pedestal. The twelve scenes of African American history include images of the Middle Passage, an African American family on an auction block, slaves working in a field, men and women celebrating the Emancipation Proclamation, the Jim Crow era, the Great Migration, and images of contemporary African Americans’ important contributions to engineering, law education, sports, politics, and space exploration. At the base of the monument’s obelisk are four rubbing stones from regions of Africa where slaves were captured - Senegal, Sierra Leone, the Republic of Congo, and Ghana. In front of the memorial, Dwight included a bronze cast of the famous print of the British slave ship &lt;em&gt;Brookes&lt;/em&gt; (1787).</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://dc.statelibrary.sc.gov/handle/10827/25969" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;African American History Monument Commission&lt;/a&gt;; South Carolina Arts Commission; State House Committee; Citizens' Advisory Committe; Design Committee; Fundraising Committee; and private donors.</text>
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                <text>Photographs: Ron Cogswell, &lt;a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/22711505@N05/7917139800/in/album-72157630674378570/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;https://www.flickr.com/photos/22711505@N05/7917139800/in/album-72157630674378570/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The monumental work includes two bronze walls featuring figural scenes celebrating 400 years of African Americans’ contributions to Texas history. Decorated on both front and back, Dwight includes depictions of African Americans engaged in the cattle, cotton, and oil industries as well as tributes to Mickey Leland, Medgar Evers, Buffalo Soldiers, President Barack Obama, and African American Medal of Honor recipients. The two embellished walls meet at a central column. Scores of African American figures, seemingly comprising the base and shaft of the column, gaze outward at the viewer. The top of the column is adorned with two figures standing on a base that reads “Emancipation.” Both figures, one male, one female, have the cuffs of broken shackles and chains around their wrists. The former raises a lit torch over his head, while the latter holds a copy of the Emancipation Proclamation. The monument also serves as a memorial to Juneteenth (June 19, 1865), when hundreds of Union troops arrived in Texas and announced the abolition of slavery in the U.S. The memorial sits atop a granite base, which features bronze plaques with didactic text.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Photograph: José Pestana, &lt;a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/jpestana/31271259748/in/photolist-PDko3Q/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;https://www.flickr.com/photos/jpestana/31271259748/in/photolist-PDko3Q/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>A twelve‐foot‐high aluminum arch commemorates the thousands of Africans who perished during the transatlantic slave trade. Composed of two halves, which bend towards one another but never touch, the work symbolizes “the need for the past, present, and future to converge in order for cultural identity and pride to be realized.” On July 3, 1999, the Middle Passage Monument was dedicated at New York City’s Riverbank State Park in an elaborate funeral procession and blessing ceremony conducted by a multi-faith group of clergy.</text>
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                <text>Located in the Atlantic Ocean, 427 kilometers (265 miles) east of New York Harbor, New York, United States</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The memorial sits on .35 acres and includes seven distinct design features: Wall of Remembrance, Ancestral Re-Interment Grove, Memorial Wall, The Ancestral Chamber, Circle of the Diaspora, Spiral Processional Ramp, and The Ancestral Libation Court.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The visitor is invited to walk through the monumental triangular structure known as “The Ancestral Chamber,” which represents the Middle Passage across the Atlantic Ocean. After passing through the chamber, the visitor encounters a spiral memorial wall featuring twenty religious symbols including a number of Adinkra symbols (Akan peoples, Ghana). The floor of the monument includes a world map centered on the West African coast with sun rays radiating towards North America, Brazil, Europe, and the Caribbean Islands.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Monica Aliaga-Robles (project architect); Robert Silman Associates (structural engineer); Langan Engineering (civil engineer); Elizabeth Kennedy Landscape Architects; Domingo Gonzales Associates (lighting design); Dr. Gerald Palevsky (fountain); General Services Administration; Federal Steering Committee; African-American descendant community; and the National Park Service.</text>
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                <text>Photograph: National Park Service, &lt;a href="https://www.nps.gov/media/photo/gallery.htm?pg=3570929&amp;amp;id=19CBA11C-155D-451F-67AA7B78DDDCB3A4" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;https://www.nps.gov/media/photo/gallery.htm?pg=3570929&amp;amp;id=19CBA11C-155D-451F-67AA7B78DDDCB3A4&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;"Ark of Return": The Permanent Memorial at the United Nations in Honour of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade&lt;/em&gt; (New York City)</text>
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                <text>Subject (Topic)&lt;br /&gt;Antislavery movements--United States&lt;br /&gt;Transatlantic Slave Trade&lt;br /&gt;Middle Passage&lt;br /&gt;Northeastern United States&lt;br /&gt;Public art&lt;br /&gt;Public sculpture</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Art of Return&lt;/em&gt; asks visitors to reflect upon the legacy of the slave trade and the persistent problems of racism and bigotry. The ark includes three principal design elements. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to the artist: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“The first element is a three-dimensional map inscribed on the interior of the memorial. This map highlights the African continent at its center and graphically depicts the global scale, complexity and impact of the triangular slave trade in "acknowledgment of the tragedy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The second element is a full-scale human figure lying horizontally in front of a wall inscribed with images of the interior of a slave ship. This is meant to communicate and educate visitors on the physical conditions endured by the millions of African people transported under extreme conditions during the middle passage. The visitors are provided the opportunity to seriously "consider the legacy" of slavery's impact upon humanity. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The third element&amp;nbsp;is a triangular reflecting pool which introduces water in a meditative, ritualistic and spiritual manner. Visitors are invited to pour libations or say a prayer in memory of the millions of souls that were lost "lest we forget" this monumental and historic tragedy.”</text>
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                <text>UNESCO, the Permanent Memorial Committee of the United Nations; Member States of the United Nations</text>
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                <text>To watch a video of the memorial unveiling, click &lt;a href="https://www.un.org/en/events/slaveryremembranceday/memorial.shtml" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;here.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>United Nations Visitors Plaza. 1st Avenue and 46th Street. New York, NY 10017, United States</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Reconciliation Memorial &lt;/em&gt;(Liverpool, England)</text>
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                <text>The iron torsos of two abstracted figures, engaged in a tight embrace, emerge from a rectangular iron base. Two other identical sculptures were erected in 1989 in Belfast, Northern Ireland and Glasgow, Scotland. According to the artist, the works were meant to be “powerful symbol[s] of the way in which sectarianism can be overcome through solidarity.”</text>
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                <text>Broadbent, Stephen</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Reconciliation Memorial &lt;/em&gt;(Cotonou, Republic of Benin)&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>The bronze torsos of two abstracted figures, engaged in a tight embrace, emerge from a rectangular bronze base. Unlike its &lt;a href="https://www.community-sourcing-beta-test.slaverymonuments.org/admin/items/show/1138" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Liverpudlian&lt;/a&gt; counterpart, this work includes the addition of bronze low-relief designs, reflecting images related to the slave trade, including cotton plants, chains, and industrial factories.</text>
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                <text>Broadbent Studio</text>
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              <text>141.72'' x 94.44'' (359.9688 cm x 239.8776 cm)</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Le Marron Inconnu de Saint-Domingue&lt;/em&gt; (Port-au-Prince, Haiti)</text>
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                <text>Subject (Topic)&lt;br /&gt;Slavery-Emancipation&lt;br /&gt;Middle Passage&lt;br /&gt;Transatlantic Slave Trade&lt;br /&gt;Slave Trade&lt;br /&gt;Diaspora&lt;br /&gt;Port-au-Prince, Haiti</text>
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                <text>The bronze sculpture depicts a man, clad only in torn shorts, kneeling on his right leg. His left leg is outstretched behind him, a broken iron chain lays on the ground around his left foot. He arches his torso back as he holds a conch shell to his lips with his left hand, tilting his head upward. His right hand holds a machete at the ground. The statue was created to commemorate the abolition of slavery in Haiti.</text>
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                <text>Completed: September 22, 1967</text>
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                <text>Place du Marron Inconnu, Champ de Mars, HT6110 Port-au-Prince, Haiti</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Emancipation Statue&lt;/em&gt; (Bridgetown, Barbados)</text>
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                <text>The monumental bronze statue depicts a semi-nude figure, dressed only in shorts. He raises his arms in a triumphant gesture, which accentuates the broken chains around his wrists. The identity of the figure is thought to be the leader of the April 1816 slave revolt, General Bussa. Although ultimately unsuccessful, it was the largest revolt in Barbadian history, General Bussa commanded nearly 400 freedom fighters.</text>
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                <text>Broodhagen, Karl, 1909–2002</text>
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                <text>Unveiled: March 28, 1985</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=13&amp;amp;v=u1EOQOLyCvE" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Aerial viedo of the statue&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>J.T.C. Ramsay, Bridgetown, Barbados</text>
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                <text>pinterest.com</text>
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